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Trends in banking
    • India adopted a socialistic model of development with centralized plans for implementing the objectives of balanced growth. For this purpose, banks were nationalised to ensure that the flow of credit followed the pattern required for economic growth.
    • Nationalisation of banks led to the expansion of the banking network in the country with the banks recording a multifold growth in the mobilization and deployment of finance. However, with the growth of the network, there also arose concerns over the efficacy of such directed credit and the cost of operations in conducting banking in the public sector.
    • In line with the liberalization of the Indian economy in the 1990s, the financial sector was also liberalized in order to allow greater competition leading to efficiency in the banking system. This has led to developments such as:

    • - the entry of new private sector banks
      - greater leeway to foreign banks in operating in the country and
      - gradual sale of government equity in PSU Banks (without ceding government control)
Apart from the increasing competition, the banking sector in the country is currently in the throes of change being impacted by events such as economic recession leading to rising NPAs and problems of achieving capital adequacy. This has made banks extremely cautious about lending to industry (especially to the small and medium enterprises) restricting the growth of a number of these enterprises.
 

Introduction to banking
Leading commercial banks in India
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